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Periodic Table of Elements

To facilitate efficient display (and printing) via the World-Wide Web, this version of the periodic table presents atomic chemical element data in a format rotated 90-degrees counterclockwise with respect to traditional presentations. As with most periodic tables, elements in this table are ordered by atomic number (number of protons) and period.

As in Glenn T. Seaborg's extended periodic table, orbitals establish the basis for the groups in this table. Thus, lanthanides and actinides deviate from their prior historical positions as noted. Via the links at top right, orbital blocks may be included or excluded to change the table's size.

Because the period 1 elements – hydrogen (H) and helium (He) – are special cases that do not follow the octet rule, additional entries for those elements have been made to accomodate their:

  • historic positions (groups 1 and 18),
  • positions based on their orbitals (groups 1 and 2, as in the extended periodic table), and
  • positions proposed by Syncopated based on the relative population of their outer orbitals and electronegativity (groups 13 and 18).

The noble gases (group 18) appear at the top of the table and alkali metals (group 1) at the bottom (ordered opposite of those in the simpler mirrored vertical periodic table.)

Data for each element are presented as described in the category and layout legends below.

Element Categories
↑
Nonmetals
↓		Noble GasesNG
HalogensHal
Other NonmetalsONm
MetalloidsMo
↑
Metals
↓		Other MetalsOM
Transition ElementsTE
Inner
Transition
Elements		LanthanidesLan
ActinidesAct
Alkaline Earth MetalsAEM
Alkali MetalsAM
Element Layout Legend
category (see left):state at standard temperature and pressure
(0°C and 1 atmosphere) as Gas, Liquid, or Solid
↓
chemical symbol →

element name →
optional alternate name →
atomic mass (uncertainty) →
electronegativity →
Fe(TE:S) 26
(ancient)
iron
(L.: ferrum)
55.845(2)
e-:1.83
← atomic number (protons)
← when discovered
← L.Gr.::=Latinized Greek,
← L.::=Latin, G.::=German
← for most-stable isotope
← using Pauling scale
↑
occurrence (via border type):
Primordial From decay Synthetic Undiscovered
(no border)

Periodic Table of Atomic Chemical Elements
Group ↓ ← Period →
Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 Period 4 Period 5 Period 6 Period 7
p6
18/VIIIA
Noble Gases
He(NG:G) 2
(1868)
HELIUM
4.002602(2)
e-:3.89
Ne(NG:G) 10
(1898)
NEON
20.1797(6)
e-:3.67
Ar(NG:G) 18
(1894)
ARGON
39.948(1)
e-:3.3
Kr(NG:G) 36
(1898)
KRYPTON
83.80(1)
e-:3.00
Xe(NG:G) 54
(1898)
XENON
131.29(2)
e-:2.67
Rn(NG:G) 86
(1898)
RADON
[222.0176]
e-:2.2
Uuo(NG:G) 118
(2006)
UNUNOCTIUM
[294]
p5
17/VIIA
Halogens		  
F(Hal:G) 9
(1886)
FLUORINE
18.9984032(5)
e-:3.98
Cl(Hal:G) 17
(1774)
CHLORINE
35.4527(9)
e-:3.16
Br(Hal:L) 35
(1826)
BROMINE
79.904(1)
e-:2.96
I(Hal:S) 53
(1811)
IODINE
126.90447(3)
e-:2.66
At(Hal:S) 85
(1940)
ASTATINE
[209.9871]
e-:2.2
Uus(Hal:S) 117
 
UNUNSEPTIUM
[292]
p4
16/VIA
Chalcogens
O(ONm:G) 8
(1771)
OXYGEN

15.9994(3)
e-:3.44
S(ONm:S) 16
(ancient)
SULFUR
(UK:SULPHUR)
32.066(6)
e-:2.58
Se(ONm:S) 34
(1817)
SELENIUM

78.96(3)
e-:2.55
Te(Mo:S) 52
(1782)
TELLURIUM

127.60(3)
e-:2.1
Po(Mo:S) 84
(1898)
POLONIUM

[208.9824]
e-:2.0
Uuh(OM:S) 116
(2001)
UNUNHEXIUM

[292]
p3
15/VA
Pnictogens
N(ONm:G) 7
(1772)
NITROGEN

14.00674(7)
e-:3.04
P(ONm:S) 15
(1669)
PHOSPHORUS

30.973762(2)
e-:2.19
As(Mo:S) 33
(1250)
ARSENIC

74.92160(2)
e-:2.18
Sb(Mo:S) 51
(1450)
ANTIMONY
(L.: STIBIUM)
121.760(1)
e-:2.05
Bi(OM:S) 83
(c.1450)
BISMUTH

208.98040(1)
e-:2.02
Uup(OM:S) 115
(2004)
UNUNPENTIUM

[288]
p2
14/IVA
Carbon Group
C(ONm:S) 6
(ancient)
CARBON

12.0107(8)
e-:2.55
Si(Mo:S) 14
(1823)
SILICON

28.0855(3)
e-:1.90
Ge(Mo:S) 32
(1886)
GERMANIUM

72.61(2)
e-:2.01
Sn(OM:S) 50
(ancient)
TIN
(L.: STANNUM)
118.710(7)
e-:1.96
Pb(OM:S) 82
(ancient)
LEAD
(L.: PLUMBUM)
207.2(1)
e-:2.33
Uuq(OM:S) 114
(1999)
UNUNQUADIUM

[289]
p1
13/IIIA
Boron Group
H(ONm:G) 1
(1766)
HYDROGEN

1.00794(7)
e-:2.20
B(Mo:S) 5
(1808)
BORON

10.811(7)
e-:2.04
Al(OM:S) 13
(1825)
ALUMINIUM
(US:ALUMINUM)
26.9815386(8)
e-:1.61
Ga(OM:S) 31
(1875)
GALLIUM

69.723(1)
e-:1.81
In(OM:S) 49
(1863)
INDIUM

114.818(3)
e-:1.78
Tl(OM:S) 81
(1861)
THALLIUM

204.3833(2)
e-:1.62
Uut(OM:S) 113
(2004)
UNUNTRIUM

[284]
d10
12/IIB		  
Zn(TE:S) 30
(1526)
ZINC

65.39(2)
e-:1.65
Cd(TE:S) 48
(1817)
CADMIUM

112.411(8)
e-:1.69
Hg(TE:L) 80
(ancient)
MERCURY (L.Gr.:
HYDRARGYRUM)
200.59(2)
e-:2.00
Uub(TE:L) 112
(1996)
UNUNBIUM

[277]
d9
11/IB
Coinage Metals
Cu(TE:S) 29
(ancient)
COPPER
(L.: CUPRUM)
63.546(3)
e-:1.90
Ag(TE:S) 47
(ancient)
SILVER (L.:
ARGENTUM)
107.8682(2)
e-:1.93
Au(TE:S) 79
(ancient)
GOLD
(L.: AURUM)
196.966569(4)
e-:2.54
Rg(TE:S) 111
(1994)
ROENTGENIUM

[272.1535]
d8
10/VIIIA
Ni(TE:S) 28
(1751)
NICKEL
58.6934(2)
e-:1.91
Pd(TE:S) 46
(1803)
PALLADIUM
106.42(1)
e-:2.20
Pt(TE:S) 78
(c.1741)
PLATINUM
195.084(9)
e-:2.28
Ds(TE:S) 110
(1994)
DARMSTADTIUM
[272.1463]
d7
9/VIIIA
Co(TE:S) 27
(1732)
COBALT
58.933195(5)
e-:1.88
Rh(TE:S) 45
(1803)
RHODIUM
102.90550(2)
e-:2.28
Ir(TE:S) 77
(1803)
IRIDIUM
192.217(3)
e-:2.20
Mt(TE:S) 109
(1982)
MEITNERIUM
[268.1388]
d6
8/VIIIA
Fe(TE:S) 26
(ancient)
IRON
(L.: FERRUM)
55.845(2)
e-:1.83
Ru(TE:S) 44
(1844)
RUTHENIUM

101.07(2)
e-:2.2
Os(TE:S) 76
(1803)
OSMIUM

190.23(3)
e-:2.2
Hs(TE:S) 108
(1984)
HASSIUM

[269.1341]
d5
7/VIIB
Mn(TE:S) 25
(1774)
MANGANESE
54.938045(5)
e-:1.55
Tc(TE:S) 43
(1937)
TECHNETIUM
[97.9072]
e-:1.9
Re(TE:S) 75
(1925)
RHENIUM
186.207(1)
e-:1.9
Bh(TE:S) 107
(1976)
BOHRIUM
[264.1247]
d4
6/VIB
Cr(TE:S) 24
(1797)
CHROMIUM

51.9961(6)
e-:1.66
Mo(TE:S) 42
(1778)
MOLYBDENUM

95.94(1)
e-:2.16
W(TE:S) 74
(1783)
TUNGSTEN
(G.: WOLFRAM)
183.84(1)
e-:2.36
Sg(TE:S) 106
(1974)
SEABORGIUM

[266.1219]
d3
5/VB
V(TE:S) 23
(1801)
VANADIUM
50.9415(1)
e-:1.63
Nb(TE:S) 41
(1801)
NIOBIUM
92.90638(2)
e-:1.6
Ta(TE:S) 73
(1802)
TANTALUM
180.94788(2)
e-:1.5
Db(TE:S) 105
(1967)
DUBNIUM
[262.1144]
d2
4/IVB
Ti(TE:S) 22
(1797)
TITANIUM
47.867(1)
e-:1.54
Zr(TE:S) 40
(1789)
ZIRCONIUM
91.224(2)
e-:1.33
Hf(TE:S) 72
(1923)
HAFNIUM
178.49(2)
e-:1.3
Rf(TE:S) 104
(1964)
RUTHERFORDIUM
[263.1125]
d1
3/IIIB †
Sc(TE:S) 21
(1879)
SCANDIUM
44.955912(6)
e-:1.36
Y(TE:S) 39
(1794)
YTTRIUM
88.90585(2)
e-:1.22
Lu†(Lan:S) 71
(1907)
LUTETIUM
174.967(1)
e-:1.27
Lr†(Act:S) 103
(1961)
LAWRENCIUM
[262.110]
e-:1.291
f14  
Yb(Lan:S) 70
(1878)
YTTERBIUM
173.04(3)
e-:1.1
No(Act:S) 102
(1958)
NOBELIUM
[259.1011]
e-:1.3
f13
Tm(Lan:S) 69
(1879)
THULIUM
168.93421(2)
e-:1.25
Md(Act:S) 101
(1955)
MENDELEVIUM
[258.0984]
e-:1.3
f12
Er(Lan:S) 68
(1843)
ERBIUM
167.259(3)
e-:1.24
Fm(Act:S) 100
(1952)
FERMIUM
[257.0951]
e-:1.3
f11
Ho(Lan:S) 67
(1879)
HOLMIUM
164.93032(2)
e-:1.23
Es(Act:S) 99
(1952)
EINSTEINIUM
[252.0830]
e-:1.3
f10
Dy(Lan:S) 66
(1886)
DYSPROSIUM
162.500(1)
e-:1.22
Cf(Act:S) 98
(1950)
CALIFORNIUM
[251.0796]
e-:1.3
f9
Tb(Lan:S) 65
(1843)
TERBIUM
158.92535(2)
e-:1.1
Bk(Act:S) 97
(1949)
BERKELIUM
[247.0703]
e-:1.3
f8
Gd(Lan:S) 64
(1880)
GADOLINIUM
157.25(3)
e-:1.2
Cm(Act:S) 96
(1944)
CURIUM
[247.0703]
e-:1.28
f7
Eu(Lan:S) 63
(1901)
EUROPIUM
151.964(1)
e-:1.2
Am(Act:S) 95
(1944)
AMERICIUM
[243.0614]
e-:1.13
f6
Sm(Lan:S) 62
(1879)
SAMARIUM
150.36(2)
e-:1.17
Pu(Act:S) 94
(1941)
PLUTONIUM
[244.0642]
e-:1.28
f5
Pm(Lan:S) 61
(1945)
PROMETHIUM
[144.9127]
e-:1.13
Np(Act:S) 93
(1940)
NEPTUNIUM
[237.0482]
e-:1.36
f4
Nd(Lan:S) 60
(1885)
NEODYMIUM
144.242(3)
e-:1.14
U(Act:S) 92
(1789)
URANIUM
238.02891(3)
e-:1.38
f3
Pr(Lan:S) 59
(1885)
PRASEODYMIUM
140.90765(2)
e-:1.13
Pa(Act:S) 91
(1917)
PROTACTINIUM
231.03588(2)
e-:1.5
f2
Ce(Lan:S) 58
(1803)
CERIUM
140.116(1)
e-:1.12
Th(Act:S) 90
(1828)
THORIUM
232.03806(2)
e-:1.3
f1
La(Lan:S) 57
(1839-41)
LANTHANUM
138.90547(7)
e-:1.1
Ac(Act:S) 89
(1899)
ACTINIUM
[227.0277]
e-:1.1
s2
2/IIA
Alkaline Earth Metals
He(NG:G) 2
(1868)
HELIUM
4.002602(2)
e-:3.89
Be(AEM:S) 4
(1828)
BERYLLIUM
9.012182(3)
e-:1.57
Mg(AEM:S) 12
(1755)
MAGNESIUM
24.3050(6)
e-:1.31
Ca(AEM:S) 20
(1808)
CALCIUM
40.078(4)
e-:1.00
Sr(AEM:S) 38
(1793)
STRONTIUM
87.62(1)
e-:0.95
Ba(AEM:S) 56
(1808)
BARIUM
137.327(7)
e-:0.89
Ra(AEM:S) 88
(1898)
RADIUM
[226.0254]
e-:0.9
s1
1/IA
Alkali Metals
H(ONm:G) 1
(1766)
HYDROGEN

1.00794(7)
e-:2.20
Li(AM:S) 3
(1817)
LITHIUM

6.941(2)
e-:0.98
Na(AM:S) 11
(1807)
SODIUM
(L.: NATRIUM)
22.98976928(2)
e-:0.93
K(AM:S) 19
(1807)
POTASSIUM
(L.: KALIUM)
39.0983(1)
e-:0.82
Rb(AM:S) 37
(1860)
RUBIDIUM

85.4678(3)
e-:0.82
Cs(AM:S) 55
(1860)
CAESIUM
(CESIUM)
132.9054519(2)
e-:0.79
Fr(AM:S) 87
(1939)
FRANCIUM

[223.0197]
e-:0.7

Footnotes
†Historically, Group 3/IIIB includes lanthanum (La) in place of lutetium (Lu) and actinium (Ac) in place of lawrencium (Lr); as noted at top, this table models Seaborg's.
‡The atomic mass of ununseptium (Uus) is only an estimate, as this element has not yet been discovered.

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